Accounting essays

Accounting essays

State and Local Government Accounting Principles, accounting essays. Jansen, E. html Accessed accounting essays 22 April, Cars, Andreas. Accounting fraud in a company arises as a result of a […]. FASB: CS-4 also sets forth the distinctive features of the nonbusiness….

Accounting

Accounting is the compilation of financial information for use in making economic decisions. Accounting accounting essays determine which financial events and transactions should be recorded in the bookkeeper's ledgers. Introduction Accounting technician is an occupation that is needed in many aspects of our society. If you like to work with mathematics, computer and money management, a suitable occupation for you is accounting technician. To achieve your goal, you need to be familiar with the job description and duties, accounting essays, working conditions, accounting essays, education and training program, job opportunities and financial aspects. Job Description and Duties Accounting technicians keep systematic records of business transactions.

Accounting Accounting is a career that offers many job opportunities and advancements, and a little hard work will inevitably lead to happiness and success. Accountants have different duties depending on the size and nature of the company where they are employed. Usually accountants prepare and analyze financial reports that polish up-to-date information for government agencies, businesses, and other organizations. The accounting essays accountants provide information that influences nearly every business. According to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, T-Shirts by Tommy can account for the accident is to record an extraordinary item, accounting essays.

Using the definition from our Intermediate Accounting accounting essays, extraordinary events are defined as, "…events and transactions that are distinguished by their unusual nature and by the infrequency of their occurrence" Keiso. Because of the nature of the plane crash, and the fact that these types of accidents happen very rarely, it can definitely be categorized. Accounting There are many different types of accounting. I am going to focus on financial accountant. The decision to become an accountant is usually not made until college.

However general accounting and bookkeeping classes can be taken in high school. In college, accounting essays, the student needs to decide on a more specific field of accounting, accounting essays. An accountant has many choices regarding what particular field of accounting. Accounting The nature of work of accountants and auditors is to prepare, analyze, and verify financial reports and taxes, and monitor information systems that furnish this information to managers in business, industry, and government. The major fields of accounting accounting essays Public accountants who have their own business or work for public accounting firms. They perform a large range of responsibilities such as doing taxes, numerous accounting and auditing, consulting activities for their clients, who.

financial statements and in a preference for different bases of measurement. The scope of the financial statements and the disclosures made in them have also been affected. The International Accounting Accounting essays Committee IASC is committed to narrowing these differences by seeking to harmonise regulations, accounting standards and procedures relating to the preparation and presentation of financial statements. It believes that further harmonisation can best be pursued by focusing on financial statements, accounting essays. Accounting for a Restaurant Scenario I have just been assigned as the new system analyst at a restaurant called 'Venice' that specialises in Italian food.

Up until now all the accountancy was done manually, so it took a lot of time to keep it up to date. To make it easier and more efficient I have been assigned to introduce a spreadsheet system to help calculate the annual profit the restaurant makes. This will save hours of paper work. The new method will save all finance information. Accounting On September 28,Chairman of the U. Securities and Exchange Commission Arthur Levitt sounded the call to arms in the financial community. Levitt asked for, "immediate and coordinated action… to accounting essays credibility and transparency" of financial reporting.

Reporting which has bowed to the pressures and tricks of earnings management, accounting essays. Accounting essays specifically addresses five. Introduction The purpose is to explain the similarities and differences between financial and managerial accounting. Provide examples of managerial accounting reports that she could see within EEC, accounting essays. This paper will explain both financial and managerial representing Eddison Electronic Company EEC. They will both have the same usage which accounting essays to get ready and examine money related information related to the organization. The motivation behind both of these bookkeeping routines is to furnish the clients.

Home Page Accounting. Free Accounting Essays and Papers. Sort By: Most Relevant Highest Grade. Satisfactory Essays. Page 1 of 50 - About essays, accounting essays. Powerful Essays. Accounting Words 6 Pages 1 Works Cited. Good Essays, accounting essays. Accounting Words 2 Pages. Accounting Words 4 Pages. Accounting for a Restaurant Words 8 Pages. Accounting for a Restaurant. Accounting Words 5 Pages 15 Works Cited. accounting Words 4 Pages. Popular Topics. Accounting Ethics Accounting Information Accounting Profession Accounting Report Accounting Software Accounting Standards Accounting System Accounting Theory Acculturation Accuracy Accusations Accused Achebe Achievement Achievement Motivation Achieving Goals Achieving Accounting essays Achieving Success Achilles Achilles Shield Acid Affect Acid Concentration.

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La ue Catering accepts two major forms of credit cards, Visa and MasterCard, along with cash; however they do not accept checks. Keri has a very simple accounting cycle to ensure she is keeping the proper…. References The accounting process. The GAAP are the principles by which financial accounting statements are produced, and for a public company these need to be followed, so deviating from GAAP will constitute a violation. Where it becomes a criminal fraud case is usually when the errors are deliberate. They may overstate the company's financial position i. cooking the books , or they may understate that position for the purposes of committing tax fraud. In the famous case of Enron, not producing financial statements in a timely manner can also be considered accounting fraud, along with the general lack of accuracy of those statements.

Accounting fraud can be committed in a number of ways, but the underlying reason almost always…. References Fabrikant, G. New York Times. html Sadka, G. The economic consequences of accounting fraud in product markets: Theory and a case from the U. telecommunications industry WorldCom. Columbia University. pdf Seabury. Enron: Fall of a Wall Street darling. asp Sharma, A. A review of financial accounting fraud detection based on data mining techniques. International Journal of Computer Applications. Accounting of Enron In recent months the rules regarding special purpose entitles have come under great scrutiny.

Special purpose entities allow firms to raise debt while at the same time making it almost impossible for investors to determine the actual amount of debt exposure. The purpose of this discussion is to investigate which accounting practices were violated as it relates to the SEC rules on Special Purpose Entities and full disclosure. e will also discuss the ethical issues that the company made regarding the firms' accounting practices. Special Purpose Entities and the SEC Rules that Enron Broke Special Purpose Entities are also called the securitization of debt. They are totally legal and most companies use them for legitimate reasons such as…. Works Cited Berenbeim, Ronald. February volume no. Horn, Charles.

September 20, Vol. Thomas, William. April Special Purpose Entities are Often a Clever Way to Raise Debt Levels. Given this situation then, it is required that any modification in stocks be operated in the financial statements as well. As such, when an executive resigns and forfeits on his stock before vesting, the financial statements will reflect this situation. On the one hand, the stocks would be registered as new equity. On the other hand, they would be presented to the other stakeholders -- already existent ones or new ones -- and these would be able to purchase them. In other words, changes would be operated at the level of capitals and equity.

If options are allowed to lapse after vesting, what is the effect on the financial statements? Firms will often intentionally let their stock options suffer devaluations either because they do not wish to interfere within the market and they maintain their objectivity, either because they have a direct interest. In the first scenario, the underlying…. html last accessed on January 6, , Share-based payments, BT Plc. org last accessed on January 6, Accounting Several terms and definitions are valuable to understand financial statements. In the United States, financial statements of public corporations are produced in accordance with the U. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. These principles govern how the information for financial statements is compiled and presented.

The purpose of these principles is so that all stakeholders can easily understand the statements and make comparisons across both time and across different companies, because the statements are produced and presented in a consistent manner. The International Financial eporting Standards IFS are the international equivalent of GAAP. While several countries utilize a national version of GAAP U. There is a move to converge national GAAP standards with IFS, including a multi-year project to converge U. GAAP with IFS. For now, however, IFS represents a different…. References: No author. Generally accepted accounting principles GAAP. asp axzz23vrKSd9Q PCAOB. org PCAOB oversees: The auditors of companies to protect investors. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. aspx SEC. The investor's advocate.

Securities Exchange Commission. Accounting The role of financial statements in investing is that they provide a consistent format that can be used by potential investors and other stakeholders to evaluate a company. There are several components that facilitate this happening. For publicly-traded firms, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAP play a key role in the creation of financial statements. GAAP is a common set of accounting principles and procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements Investopedia, ith companies having to produce their statements according to a common set of criteria, the information is easier to compare not only between different years at the same company, but also against other firms in the industry and all other publicly-traded firms.

The IFRS is essentially the international version of GAAP. Financial statements in many countries, especially those in Europe, are produced according to IFRS. There are a many areas where GAAP and IFRS diverge,…. International financial reporting standards IFRS : An AICPA backgrounder. pdf Beiersdorf Annual Report. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAP. asp axzz1pmKm2c8C Revlon Fiscal Year Form K. Accounting This discussion contains research pertaining to the impact of cash-basis accounting on the distortion of the financial position and operating results of a business. We began our discussion with a definition of cash base analysis.

We concluded that this accounting tactic is used to examine cash and cash equivalents. This is done by separating cash flow transaction into one of three activities which include; operating, financing and investing activities. Our investigation then explored why and how financial statements completed using cash-basis accounting can be distorted to present a misleading picture about the financial position and operating results of a company. Our investigation found that these distortions exist when accountants fail to provide a report of additional information that may not appear on the face of the financial statement. Additionally, we found that inconsistencies in the presentation of a financial statement can greatly influence the distortion of information that is….

Reference List Financial Reporting under the Cash Basis of Accounting Standards Report International Federation of Accountants. Live on the Lakeshore Financial Statements. Navani, Vinay S. In aaccounting research, the model used would be called analytical modeling, which consists of sstudies that use models with no specific underlying economic theory but use mathematical techniques. The mathematical formulas are applied to test and establish laws and accounting practices. Simulation, or the practice where the analysis is so complex that it requires a computer, is also an example of an inductive accounting practice research methodology.

Finally, pragmatic research utilizes pragmatic validity, which views research from a prescriptive-driven perspective. For example, solutions to problems that actually occur in the complex and high field of practice are developed in a way that, while valid for a specific situation, need to be adjusted according to the context in which they are to be applied. In the accounting area, general empirical research is a catchall that includes primarily descriptive empirical work. Another example of an accounting research methodology that consists of pragmatic….

Bibliography Blaikie, N. Approaches to Social Inquiry. ISBN Fleming, R. The Accounting Historians Journal. June This model could then be customized for the needs of the different companies. Sankaran and AlHashim make a compelling case regarding the need for harmonized accounting standards and practices. In addition to the globalized economy, they also rightly point to the benefits of such harmonization for corporations - including a greater ability to keep track of expenses and a better way of reconciling different accounting practices in its branches worldwide. Furthermore, Sankaran and AlHashim also allay fears that harmonization is equivalent to imposing only one accounting system around the world. Instead, they highlight the need for commonality, for a web-based accounting system that lends itself to different accounting practices.

The paper makes a strong argument, and the data regarding the need for a harmonized accounting system is compelling. hile this article may present a challenge for readers unfamiliar with basic programming language, the inclusion of a generic algorithm…. Works Cited Sankaran, Siva and Dhia D. Accounting forms the overall backbone of the financial world. Financial markets are predicated on consumer and user confidence. Without confidence, consumers attempting to make financial decisions will be doing so using inaccurate and incomplete information. The lack of transparency regarding the truthfulness of reported numbers creates uncertainty within the capital markets.

This uncertainty regarding the accuracy of information ultimately undermines the overall financial system, causing harm to society in the process. Investors will require higher rates of return, individuals will become unlikely to invest, and innovation could become stifled, harming the quality of life for society overall. Accounting standards, particularly those from the IFRS, are required to help maintain confidence in the reliability of reported financial performance. These standards, such as IFRS , are often amended to reflect the economic realities of business transactions.

These changes, although well intended, may often have unintended consequence. This is particularly true for IFRS…. GAAP to IFRS. Oler, and Christopher J. Accounting and Society. Sarbanes-Oxley stipulates criminal and civil penalties for securities violations. Also, it mandates auditor independence from the interests of the firm, meaning that accountants cannot have a financial interest in the success or failure of the firm. Additionally, it mandates the certification of internal audit work by external auditors and mandates increased disclosure regarding executive compensation, insider trading and financial statements, in the interest of making more information public to investors.

orks Cited Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance. Works Cited Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance. These are found in the board's concept statements. The boards use the concept statements to develop accounting standards. The FASB conceptual framework focuses on provision of best information that influences decisions made by creditors, investors, and entities interested in commercial and not-for-profit activities. Areas of potential differences between GASB and FASB lie in recognition, measurement, display, and disclosure. ecognition differences arise on whether an item should or should not appear in a financial statement. In as much as SFAS No.

Reference List Marsh, T. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 11 1. Accounting Errors Even though Bedrock's capitalization policy may have been in alignment in prior years, the policy does create a material unadjusted error in the third quarter that would require adjustment. By simply following the Bedrock capitalization policy simply means the quantifying effects of an unadjusted material error would occur, more especially with continuing capital expenditures due to the expansion of the additional quarry and rock finishing plant.

The quantifying effects of capital expenses with the expansion alone would result in a material error for the current year, including the third quarter. The evaluation of materiality must be based on all relative quantitative and qualitative factors. The process begins with quantifying potential misstatements, including prior year misstatements that were not corrected. This also adds the question of whether the capitalization policy has really been in alignment with ASC SAB in prior years. Depending on the capital expenditures in…. The Statement of Owners' Equity The statement of owner's or shareholders' equity is designed to show the components of the change in equity from the end of one fiscal year to the next.

Beginning with the amount of equity shown at the end of the previous fiscal year, net income is added and cash dividends paid to the owners are subtracted. If owners contributed any additional capitol this amount such as the sale of new shares it is added to the equity. On the other hand, if the owners withdrew capitol, equity declines. All the additions and subtractions, taken together, equal the changes in owner equity from one fiscal year to the next Kurtz, The Statement of Cash Flows Public companies are required to prepare and publish a statement of cash flows. This statement provides investors and creditors with relevant information about a firm's cash receipts and cash payments…. References Kurtz, D. Contemporary Business, 13th ed.

The four financial statements. Yet, financial statements and managerial accounting reports can be highly effective nonetheless. Sometimes they will merely confirm what the proprietor already knows, but there are inevitably going to be times when they will reveal that the proprietor's assumptions about the nature of the business are false. Moreover, accounting can act as essentially a second opinion. The proprietor may feel one thing is true, but the numbers can reveal something different. Overall, accounting is an essential component of any business. Sole proprietorships often make less use of accounting, in part because the law does not obligate them to engage in any more than the most rudimentary accounting.

However, proprietors should not overlook the value of accounting. Accounting helps to reveal the business' past performance, but can also be used to enact organizational controls today and to help plant for more effective operations in the future. By understanding the firm's cost structure…. Works Cited Marshall, David H. Accounting - What the Numbers Mean. Such adjusting entries will help to improve the accuracy of financial statements. Adjusting entries is necessary because accrual accounting systems demand that the events are recorded accurately. They are not to be recorded strictly on the basis of cash transactions, and all of these adjustments serve to translate the accounting figures that arise from the cash accounting to accrual accounting by incorporating all of the different non-cash transactions and ensuring that every element of the income statement and balance sheet is correct.

On a computerized accounting system, there might be software that can actually make these entries. If not they will need to be entered manually into the system. As with any accounting, there are certain ethical issues that need to be understood. The accrual statements are where we report our profits and losses. It is important that they are completed accurately. Any fraud is illegal and cannot be tolerated. Adjusting entries. Accounting Coach. The first consists of accounting regulatory bodies. These bodies are working towards convergence and are presently struggling with the resistance from the business community.

Understanding the nature of that resistance is key to finding ways of overcoming it. For the large publicly traded corporations themselves, this report will help them understand why they and their peers are resistant, and this will shed light on whether or not that resistance is justified. Convergence is coming whether the corporate world is ready for it or not, but the key for corporations is to understand what convergence is, why it is important, and which elements of their resistance are not worth the effort.

For both parties, it is important to work together to make the convergence process as smooth as possible, and that is going to take a greater…. Works Cited: Qu, X. no date. Measuring the convergence of national accounting standards with International Financial Reporting Standards: The application of fuzzy clustering analysis. Xiamen University. In possession of the author. Larson, R. Convergence with IFRS in an expanding Europe: Progress and obstacles identified by large accounting firms' survey. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation. International Financial Reporting Standards IFRS : An AICPA backgrounder.

American Institute of CPAs. In possession of the author AICPA Financial system considerations in IFRS conversion projects. Accounting and Intrusion Detection In a report issued by Paladin Technologies, Inc. The report illustrates in quantifiable terms the depth and reach of intrusion detection on the financial viability of the organization. Forty three percent of respondents were able to quantify financial losses, and seventy four percent were able to acknowledge financial loss. Ninety percent detected cyber attacks within the most recent twelve-month period and seventy percent reported serious breaches other than viruses, laptop theft, and employee abuse of….

Resources Risk Assessment risk assessment involves estimating the likelihood and severity of an occurrence, the relative impact of risk on the facility, information handler, processing, support, and the mission of the organization. Assessing the likelihood means determining the probability that existing controls will be skirted. Pfleeger has identified a series of steps for examining the likelihood of adverse occurrences: Calculate the probability that the risk may happen, found in the observed data for the specific system. Estimate the likely number occurrences in a given time period. The analyst gives a rating based on several different risk analysis methodologies, and then creates a table to hold and compare the ratings. The Delphi approach: several raters individually estimate the probable likelihood of an event, combine their estimates, and choose the best one.

Accounting Fundamentals for ealthcare Management This paper examines governmental and nonprofit accounting and discusses how it differs from commercial accounting. In the accounting field, there may not always be a clear distinction between the three types of organizations. The dividing line between business and nonbusiness organizations may depend on the incidence and relative importance of the nonbusiness characteristics found in an entity. The funds of such organizations are usually earmarked for specific purposes and must be used in accordance with laws, regulations, or contractual requirements.

One distinction of nonbusiness organizations is that they generally have no single indicator of performance, such as profit or net income. FASB:CS-4 provides two performance indicators for financial reporting for nonbusiness organizations: They provide information about the nature and relationship between inflows and outflows of resources. They provide information about service efforts and accomplishments. FASB: CS-4 also sets forth the distinctive features of the nonbusiness…. Horowitz, K. State and Local Government Accounting Principles.

pdf Ruppel, W. Governmental Accounting Made Easy. Siegel, J. Barron's Accounting Handbook 4th ed. Hauppage, New York: Barron's Educational Series. Wood was used more for recording, ink and seals were used to write accounts on top of a piece of wood. It was used mostly by everyone as it was inexpensive plus it was very easy to write on top of it. Marked stick also played many roles, also known as counting tally. ut in fourteenth century, there was an argument for a decline in tallies and to increase the use of paper which was found in England. Still this was an expensive import, in a result tally remained there for many years along for efficient calculation's an abacus was used. y , few professional accountants were found in Scotland for the Italian method of book keeping.

ut by there were many professional accountants who were operating in the major Scottish towns as the knowledge of accounting became even more common in the business community. The notable accountants were…. Accounting, by its nature, requires a set of standards that are exactly the same industry-wide. If there were not established rules for determining revenues, profits, expenses, and other influences on a company's bottom line, there would be no way to evaluate a corporation's effectivity, production, or potential. A lack of established standards would also mean that no two companies could be honestly compared, since their accounting methods could be so significantly different that their financial statements showed vastly different accounting methods.

In light of these potential discrepancies in reporting methods, the bodies that govern accounting have established Generally Accepted Auditing Standards, or GAAS. Generally These principles are required to be applied in all accounting situations, and they are extensive enough so that almost every possible scenario has a standard response. Interest owed in Houston is reflected on a financial statement in the exact same way that interest owed in New…. Accounting report generation, tackling exercises and answering exams is vital, especially when testing the competency of each student. The accounting profession is a demanding course and requires accuracy in the presentation of information: almost all skills taught in class are implemented directly in the field.

This analysis presents some findings in favor of three integral exams-based learning methodologies. The ideas are extracted from chapter twelve of "Effective Writing: A Handbook for Accountants" as written by May and May The first section focuses on essay exams, which may be handwritten, or in computer-generated documents whilst appreciating the importance of cognitive reasoning in responding to essay exams. The second section- professional exam- attempts to expose a handler into real accounting situations. In most cases, the handler will tackle similar assignments as those in a real company in the form of reports.

Main ideas Essay Exam This chapter commences with a clear…. Effective Writing: A Handbook for Accountants. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall. Absence of adjusting entries would most likely to either understate or overstate the accounts in the period of reporting and will have an adverse effect on the following reporting period. This is true except for bad debts or doubtful accounts and depreciation. eing in nature of an expense accounts and valuation accounts, absence of adjustments would overstate the operational performance of the business and at the same time overstate valuation of the particular asset it is supposed to reduce to its realizable value.

Such absence would affect only the particular period where adjustment was omitted. To illustrate, salaries and wages of workers should be recorded as expense for the period, even if the actual payment falls on the following period. Failure to record the expense would understate salaries and wages for the year as well as understatement or omission of a liability regarding the same. The effect is an overstated…. Bibliography Adjusting Entries Retrieved April 19, , at. Does Coca-Cola have the ability to influence CCE's debt levels?

The debt to equity ratio of Coca Cola is:. While CCE has a debt to equity ratio of: 1. Coca Cola does have the ability to influence the debt levels of CCE. The way that this can take place is to use Coca Cola's credit line to help the firm raise additional working capital in the public markets. This would cause the debt levels of CCE to increase. Another option is that Coca Cola can purchase CCE and assume a percentage of their debt. A good example of this can be seen with Coca Cola's acquisition of CCE North America. References Annual Report.

The Coca Cola Company. pdf Kothari, S. Implications for GAAP. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2 3 , -- Common buzz words management uses in regards to loss are, "Probable," "easonable," or "emote. It is important to note that many contingent liabilities are not currently a liability but may become one in the event of adverse circumstances in the future. An example of an accounting journal entry for a contingent liability is listed below Accounting Example: A manufacturer of XYZ shoes provides products to various consumers worldwide. XYZ Company provides itself on excellent customer service. As such, it provides a one year warranty on its shoes. During the current year, XYZ Company sold 20, pairs of shoes. As it is probable that XYZ company will….

References: 1 Keenan, Denis. Accountancy; Jan, Vol. This would immediately flag the loans going outside their own bank and also provide greater insights into how customers were using funds over time. While this may appear expensive, without this strategy a bank could go for years, losing millions of dollars, if no action was taken. In the case study, it is apparent that Greater Providence Deposit and Trust auditors were not organized or incented in their job design and rewards to actively seek out embezzlement and fraud. This is a major limitation in the design and…. References Kristy Holtfreter, Kevin M. Beaver, Michael D. Low self-control and fraud offending. Journal of Financial Crime, 17 3 , Eelco R. Fraud in the Audit Department. The Internal Auditor, 64 2 , ,8.

Joseph T. An unholy trinity. The Internal Auditor, 55 2 , Accounting There are a couple of different issues with the Smith Company statements. This would not be recorded as income, because the customer has not committed to the purchase. Revenue recognition rules hold that revenue cannot be recognized until the sale has been finalized Investopedia, This revenue must be removed from the income statement. The next issue is the inventory problem. The question appears to be implying, when it should be…. Works Cited: AccountingTools. The matching principle.

Revenue recognition. asp axzz2N52vD1oy. The proper authorization to complete an inventory also needs to include training on how to manage the exceptions that often occur when physical counting is taking place Corman, The third principle to have adequate documents and records in place that can be quickly be used by the teams completing the audits. This also needs to be preceded with a training session focused on how to also manage exceptions to the paperwork as well, as each company's physical inventory processes are unique to their specific business models andall, The fourth and fifth principles are physical controls and independent checks on performance. These two principles need to anchor all training activity and also be continually audited to ensure performance to standards set over decades are attained.

Physical controls and independent checks are also indispensable to the audit and final approval of physical inventory levels, which is the first step in…. References Corman, T. Inventory management. Hospital Materiel Management Quarterly, 10 2 , Giannoccaro, I. Inventory management in supply chains: A reinforcement learning approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 78 2 , Howard, K. Inventory management in practice. Randall, a. Computerized inventory management: A return to basics. Hospital Materiel Management Quarterly, 5 3 , Then again, even the sites that allow for such commentary often don't receive any. PwC IFS hasn't received any comments in the past month on any of its articles, for instance, though it does provide accurate and fairly up-to-date information. Part of the reason for this could be the fact that this blog, like many others in the accounting world, are run by large firms -- Price Waterhouse Coopers, in this case.

Though this does not mean there is necessarily a bias at work in the blog, and indeed certain differing opinions are allowed, the fact that the information on such blogs is so directly under the control of a single for-profit entity means it must be regarded as at least slightly suspect. As these resources are also free, however, there is no harm in regularly browsing them. eferences Accounting and Business esearch. Accessed via EBSCO 8 October References Accounting and Business Research. Accounting Historian's Journal. Accounting and the Public Interest. Accounting Today.

Daily print periodical. This reporting on the internal controls can be very useful and add value to the integrity and quality of the financial reporting process. However, management accepts full responsibility for the design and maintenance of the adequate and effective internal control system. A more timely, relevant, objective, and transparent financial reporting process should improve the quality, integrity, and reliability. The role of independent auditors on financial statements…. Rezaee, Z. The management accounting leads candidates into finance, risk management and even production management. hile CMA certification is not necessary to pursue a career in management accounting, it is recommended.

As with the accounting profession in general, there is increased demand for management accountants. CMAs are in demand because of their ability to contribute to the profitability of businesses, and demand for CMAs is expected to grow in coming years. Because CMA job duties are less structured than those of financial accountants or auditors, CMAs enjoy greater career flexibility. Both types of accounting positions are poised to enjoy significant growth. There is also a trend in business, particularly since Sarbanes-Oxley, of looking to accounting professionals to lead firms. More CEOs are coming from the accounting stream than ever before, which highlights the….

Works Cited: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupation outlook handbook Accountants and auditors. htm IMAnet. org, various pages. Institute of Management Accountants. aspx Taub, S. As required under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. against the fair value, as determined by the market capitalization of the two companies at the official spin-off date. In this case, both PC and T. will qualify as discontinued operations because after the confirmation of the transaction neither will be a part of the business or parent company. WB maintains a March 31 end of year and the stock sale was dated May of which may cause a reporting concern. It is crucial that WB reports these events properly for the sake of accuracy. WB will be responsible to verify if any changes occur in their end of year reporting under SFAS No.

References SEC Regulations Committee. June 12, Section C - Changes in Segment Reporting. Joint Meeting with SEC Staff. GAAP Net Income Measures Up. shtml Accounting. Importantly, it was later approved in , February. In , the congress passed the Revenue Act during the Civil War. Evidently, this revenue Act included personal income which was to help in covering war expenses. Although […]. Accounting and audit professions are closely related and provide important information for business managers and stockholders.

Such information comprises accounting records, financial statements, and other relevant financial data based on the main accounting principles. The paper examines basic accounting concepts and the need for accounting records as the first task; analyses business risks and fraud mitigation ways as the second task; studies audit procedures and documentation as the third task; explores sample audit opinion and management representation letter as the fourth task. The standard financial statements of companies provide solid background information that becomes useful for managers and any other interested parties. Taking into account the common sizing, vertical and horizontal analysis, ration analysis and other financial data, there remain little to no obstacles on the way to determining the position of the definite company in the industry.

International financial reporting standards are the accounting standards developed by the international accounting standard board. These standards are quickly becoming the global standard for the preparation of different public financial statements. The IASB is a body that sets the accepted accounting principles in the United States Ewert and Wagenhofer The organization follows a strict […]. Accounting Update The international accounting body FASB updates the accounting principles on a regular basis. One of the objectives of these updates is to make accounting policies easier to apply, so everyone could understand them. However, the main objective of the updates is to make the financial accounting reports produced under the codification more informative […].

Advantages and Disadvantages of Partnerships A partnership is one of the forms of business ownership structures. It is the same as the proprietorship, with the only difference being that the business has at least two owners. According to Horngren et al. Overall Accounting Strategies Organizations require an accounting culture that must highly value transparency and individual accountability in order for the organization to be successful. Accounting fraud in a company arises as a result of a […]. Principles of Accounting and Finance Accounting involves the systematic keeping of records, reports, classification, and analysis of business transactions and money. The process enables the company to know its financial position and performance in terms of its net profit.

Accountants are persons known to be responsible for accounting. These individuals are required to adhere to […]. Accounting Scandal For this assignment, the paper represents a discussion of the Ponzi scheme conducted by Bernard Madoff. It depicts the rationale behind it and the ways through which such a fraud can be prevented in the future. It is important to understand that the case is an accounting scandal put into the limelight months […]. The Case of Accounting Fraud at WorldCom In the contemporary world, many businesses continue to fall victim to fraud as many of the employees are increasingly becoming untrustworthy.

Workers commit fraud individually or in a group and share the loot afterward. The vice is responsible for economic loss both in the affected firms as well […]. What Are Accounting Essays? Income Tax in the US essay July 6, Financial Systems and Auditing essay January 11, Financial Statement Analysis of Samsung Electronics essay December 2,